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CRITICAL ILLNESS INSURANCE: TERMS OF PAYMENT

August 10th, 2006

CI benefits are paid in full on the 31st day after the onset of the illness. If the insured does not survive the illness and dies prior to this day, all payments made are reimbursed to the family (or designated heirs).

Similar to Life Insurance, there exist two types of CI contracts:
- TERM
- PERMANENT.

Term contracts provides coverage up to the age of 75, with growing monthly payments every 10 years.

Permanent contracts provide fixed payments up to a certain age, e.g. 100 (T-100), 75 (T-75), or 65 (T-65).

After the time when insured person reaches specified age (100, or 75, 65) this contract expires.
With a more expensive CI program, all the payments made by the insured will be reimbursed when the person reaches the specified age without developing an illness.

Some programs allow the insured to terminate the contract and withdraw the money invested after 10 years or every 15 years. Naturally, more expensive programs offer greater flexibility.

You can easily obtain an estimate of your temporary Critical Illness insurance. There are a lot of different on-line calculators, some of them allows you to determine the monthly payment amount for an insurance contract with limited coverage (cancer, heart attack, stroke), other shows monthly payments for full coverage contracts.

Now some companies can also offer the insurance, called Guaranteed Issue Critical Illness Insurance, for people, who already developed some critical illness. The pre-existent illness is excluded from the list, but all the rest illnesses are covered. An insurance contract has fixed monthly payments, which do not depend on the age of insured. Maximum coverage is 30,000. Contract expires, when insured becomes 65 years old (in Canada).

<:3 )~~~~~~
Yours sincerely,
AlexSandra


According to www.totrov.com

CRITICAL ILLNESS INSURANCE: REASONS

August 8th, 2006

I think that it is very important for you to know whys and wherefores of CI.
So, we all know that illnesses are still the leading cause of death. Also I would like to present you some sad statistics: 30% of men and 27% of women, who did not have any health problem in their youth, develop a critical illness by the age of 65.

As a case in point you can see some data from Canada:
- 1 out of 4 Canadians has some form of heart disease.
- 1 out of 3 Canadians develop cancer during his/her lifetime.
- More than 50,000 Canadians suffer a stroke every year.

Unfortunately, on average, people are diagnosed with a critical illness at the age of 41.

We can say that CI is our Living Benefit, since it’s designed to protect us if we becomes ill. That is especially important given the growing rate of survival of critical illness patients, as supported by the following data:

- survival rate for cancer patients doubled since 1970.
- mortality rate for patients with cardiovascular diseases has dropped during the last 10 years.
- 75% of people survive their first stroke, but 60% become disabled.

It’ s always easier to explain everything using different situations in real live. That is why I’d like to demonstrate with a good example, taken from Mr. Totrov personal site (www.totrov.com):

“…Traditional insurance may not always provide protection. For example, John is earning 40,000 and has employer-provided benefits which include Long Term Illness Insurance. He also has Life Insurance with 400,000 coverage to protect his wife and children. Unfortunately, John suffers a heart attack: stressful job and financial instability take their toll, but he survives (in one of Toronto’s leading cardio hospitals, as many as 91% of patients live more 30 days after the attack). Usually in the period following a heart attack, family income falls, since the patient is not capable of working (and so is the spouse, who may have to stay at home to provide care), but expenses accumulate (medications, visits of a nurse, an operation in the US, where it can be performed immediately as opposed to waiting for a free operation in Canada). Three months later, the situation is more or less stable. John’s wife could return to work, and John himself is feeling much better. He, however, is no longer able to handle his former job and would like to find something less demanding. Acquiring new skills and getting experience in a new field requires time, and John will need means subsistence during his transition. Unfortunately, neither his life insurance nor the employer’s disability insurance will provide any assistance, since John survived the attack (so life insurance cannot be claimed) and is able to work but is simply seeking a different position (and, thus, can no longer be considered disabled).
CI, on the other hand, would provide protection in this situation: John would receive the entire amount of his coverage, tax-free, on the 31st day after the attack, with no restrictions on how this money could be spent. He could pay off his medical expenses, go to a warmer climate for faster recovery, or simply enjoy piece of mind knowing he does not have to search for a job immediately…”

In that way, CI can be accepted as true Life Insurance, since it’s the insured who gets the benefits of the program. And Life Insurance for one’s turn is more properly called Death Insurance: the benefits are paid only in case of death to the relatives of the insured.

<:3 )~~~~~~
Yours sincerely,
AlexSandra


According to www.totrov.com

BE PREPARED TO BE ACCEPTED FOR EMPLOYMENT! (part 4)

August 3rd, 2006

I would like to continue this topic for those, who don’t want to be satisfied with benefits and want to find a job.
As I said at the beginning of this topic unemployment insurance is a good choice to secure against problems with your job, but first of all you should pin your hopes on yourself. Cheek brings success…You can change your live by own strength. That is why I’d like to tell you how you can be accepted for employment. Your salary will be mush better than your benefits! :)

So, first of all it’s necessary to finish the description of resume writing and to tell you some words about resume formats. In my previous posts I have already told you about the following parts of resume:

- Name and Address;
- Present Employment;
- Job Objective;
- Summary of Qualifications;
- Education;
- Work experience.

And now I will tell you about personal information and references.

Personal information

Most personal information, other than your address and phone number, is unnecessary and should be left out. However; if you think that listing some personal details will give you an advantage, by all means do so. For example, being single might be an advantage for a job requiring a lot of traveling.

References

You don’t need to give the names of people who can supply references. Some applicants prefer to wait until the employer is seriously interested, especially if they are currently employed and don’t want others to know they are looking around. Omit this category altogether or write: “References will be supplied on request”. If you do include references, give full name, title, company, and address. Telephone numbers may also be helpful.

To finish the theoretical part of this topic, I will tell some words about…

RESUME FORMATS

1. Chronological Format demonstrates continuous and upward career growth. It does this by emphasizing employment history beginning with the most recent and working back. The focus is on time, job continuity, growth and advancement, and accomplishments.

2. Targeted Format is used when you are seeking a specific position. The focus is on your skills, abilities, and qualifications that match the needs of your target.

3. Functional Format also emphasizes your skills, but does not correlate these characteristics to any specific employer. The focus is on what you did, not when and where you did it.

4. Combination Format offers a quick synopsis of your market value (the functional style) followed by your employment chronology. This format is very well received by hiring authorities.

In the future I will give you 5 best advices for resume writing and show you some samples. I hope it will help you to find a really good job.

<:3  )~~~~~~
Yours sincerely,
AlexSandra

REAL UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE: UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS

July 20th, 2006

Today I would like to continue my story about unemployment benefits. I think that the simplest way to do it is to answer the post popular questions.
Many people would like to know if they can get unemployment checks if they are working part-time.

So, the answer will depend on your specific situation. You should ask about it when you submit your application.
When you work part-time and apply for unemployment benefits insurance, your caseworker will consider your base period to see if you earned enough money.
There are a lot of different situations in each state that is why you should contact your State Unemployment Insurance Agency as soon as you become unemployed. In some states, you can use telephone or internet to file your claim. Usually you will receive your first benefit check after 2-3 weeks.
Filing the claim, you will be asked questions about your address and your former job. You should answer all the questions honestly, and you will get your benefits as soon as possible.

And now I would like to answer another popular question: “Can your benefits be changed and in what situations?”

My answer will be the following: Yes, it can be changed. Your check will be reduced if:

- You get wages from another job (you can still get unemployment benefits if you have a part-time job, as I have said in the previous answer, but the amount of benefits will be reduced based on your income)

- You collect a pension, including a Social Security (if your weekly pension amount > or = your weekly benefit amount, you will not receive your unemployment benefits)
- You owe child support (your check may be cut by 25% if you owe child support and that money will be used for your child support payments)

- You still receive severance pay from your employer (your check will be reduced based on the amount of these payments)

Also people would like to know if they can lose their unemployment benefits.

So, they can lose benefits if they don’t do the following things:

- register as directed with a job service;
- actively look for a job and have proof that you’re looking;
- attend a training course, if you’re told to;
- report each week, or as often as you’re told to.

And the last question will be the following: “Does the government levy a tax on unemployment benefits?”

The answer: Yes. Your benefits are considered as taxable income. You can have 10% of your benefits payments automatically deducted for federal taxes.

You can also make quarterly tax payments on your own. These payments are due on January 15, April 15, July 15, and October 15. If you choose to make these payments on your own, you will be responsible for any late fees or other charges.

Also I would like to find some information about stars, which insure their talents (you can read about it in Master of puppets’ comment) and I will write about it later…

<:3 )~~~~~~
Yours sincerely,
AlexSandra

REAL UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE: UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS

July 19th, 2006

Dear Master of puppets, thank you very much for your comment to the previous post, you made some censorious remarks. I agree with them, because when we speak about unemployment insurance we should, first of all, pay attention to insurance policies and companies. And that is why I’d like to write about unemployment benefits that you might be able to get if you don’t have a job or work less than full-time.

Unemployment insurance is a program paid for by employers and your tax dollars when you’re working. When we speak about unemployment benefits we mean that if person lose his job and it’s not his fault, he could qualify for these short-term payments.
You can ask me: “How much can I get and for how long?”

My answer will be the following: “The amount of benefits you get depends on your salary (how much money you made in the 12 months before losing your job – if to be more precise). You’ll get your check every week while you’re looking for work.”
So, you can get unemployment benefits if you answer “Yes” to the following three questions.

1. Did you earn enough money when you were working?
I have already told about your salary and money you made in the 12 months before losing your job. This is your base period.
The amount of money earned in your base period is different in different states, and you should check with your local unemployment office about it.

If you apply for benefits in: January, February, March 
Your base period will be the following: October 1 - September 30
April, May, June=======January 1 - December 31
July, August, September =====April 1 - March 31
October, November, December===July 1 - June 30

2. Did you lose your last job through no fault of your own?
If you were fired for a good reason (like an illness), you could qualify.

3. Are you willing and able to work again?
You must be ready, willing, and able to work. You can’t be too sick, injured, or disabled to work.

to be continued…

<:3  )~~~~~~
Yours sincerely,
AlexSandra

HOW CAN I INSURE MYSELF AGAINST UNEMPLOYMENT?…(part 2)

June 29th, 2006

I’m sure that you want to work. ;) But, unfortunately, there are situations when people can’t find a proper vacation or any job at all. In this case we can speak about unemployment and insurance against it.

Unemployment is the state of a person who is out of work and actively looking for a job. The term does not refer to people who are not seeking work because of age, illness, or a mental or physical disability. Nor does it refer to people who are attending school or keeping house. Such people are classified as out of labor force.

Unemployment may involve serious problems for both the individual and society as a whole. For the individual, it means loss of income and, in cases of prolonged unemployment, may result in a loss of self-respect. For society, it results in lost production and, in some cases, criminal or other antisocial behavior.

The unemployment rate varies greatly among different groups. It tends to be several times as high for teenagers as for older people. Unskilled people experience about three times as much unemployment as do white-collar workers. The unemployment rate among blacks is typically at least twice that among whites.

Some economists classify unemployment into three categories. These categories are normal, structural and deficient demand.

NORMAL OR FRICTIONAL UNEMPLOYMENT exists in efficiently operating labor markets, even when jobs are plentiful. Such unemployment includes workers who have quit their jobs or have been fired, and are not immediately aware of available jobs. Another kind of normal unemployment, called seasonal unemployment, occurs in industries that lay off workers during certain seasons each year. These industries include agriculture, construction and shipping.

STRUCTURAL UNEMPLOYMENT exists when individuals seeking work have the wrong skills for the available jobs. Structural unemployment also includes people in the wrong location to fill available jobs or technological unemployment, which results from the development of new products, machinery or manufacturing methods. Such developments produce rapid changes in the demand for various skills. Also such unemployment allows you to use your insurance policy to get money.

DEFICIENT DEMAND UNEMPLOYMENT OR CYCLICAL UNEMPLOYMENT results from a general lack of demand for workers when the nation’s total spending is too little. As goods and services remain unsold, many industries reduce production and lay off employees. Deficient demand unemployment is called cyclical unemployment if it occurs in periods of decreased business activity. But it also can occur in times of increasing activity if the number of workers grows faster than the number of jobs.

To combat normal unemployment, the government must establish public employment agencies that inform unemployed workers of suitable job openings. To attack structural unemployment training of workers in skills required for available jobs must take place. The fight against deficient unemployment presents especially serious problems. The government may have to choose between the evils of unemployment and those of inflation.

Many economists believe that unemployment rates as low as 3 to 4 per cent should no longer be expected.

Unemployment insurance is means of protecting workers who are out of work and looking for employment. These unemployed workers receive cash payments, usually each week for a limited period.

If someone is told to leave his job, especially if the employer says he has done something wrong, he is dismissed (fired or sacked or given a sack). If someone feels that they have lost job unfairly they may take their case to a tribunal and sue or make a claim against the formal employer for unfair dismissal.

If an organization gets rid of employees because they are no longer needed it lays them off. Companies doing this sometimes talk about downsizing, rightsizing or letting employees go. They may say that they are overstaffed. When employees have no choice, the redundancies are compulsory, but when employees can choose to leave, redundancies are voluntary. When a lot of redundancies are involved, journalists talk about jobs being cut or massive layoffs.

People who are laid off may receive compensation in the form of redundancy payment. Unemployment benefit is also called the dole. People receiving it are on the dole. If you lose your job you join the dole queue.

To protect their rights employees may turn to industrial action. If you stop working normally in order to demand better pay, benefits or working conditions you take industrial action. In a strike workers stop working for a time. Workers are organized in unions. A union may call a strike. When a strike causes a lot of disruption, it paralyses the things it affects, such as services, factories, stopping normal activity and bringing things to a standstill. If government and organizations say they will not give in to striker’s demands, the strikers may respond by intensifying their industrial action. When a union calls off the strike, workers return to work.

HOW CAN I INSURE MYSELF AGAINST UNEMPLOYMENT?

June 28th, 2006

I’d like to begin with one of the most important thing and answer to the following question: «How can I insure myself against unemployment? »

We all work to earn money, to enjoy our life and to help others. From the point of view of economy and insurance, money is the main stimulus for work. But if there is no work and no unemployment insurance policy, you live on the dole.

Different welfare programs aimed at helping people unable to support themselves fully or earn a living. Welfare generally refers to government programs that provide money, medical care, food, housing, and other necessities for needy people. People who receive welfare include children, the aged, the blind, the disabled, and others who cannot provide for themselves and their families. Government welfare programs are also called public assistance. Private charitable organizations such as the Salvation Army, also give welfare assistance. All nations have some kind of welfare. Public assistance benefits help many people who live below the poverty line.

Public assistance differs from another type of government financial aid called social insurance or social security. Social insurance programs are funded mainly by special payroll taxes on workers and their employers. Unlike welfare, social insurance programs provide benefits to people whether or not they are poor.

All developed nations maintain a variety of social welfare programs. Countries offer many such programs as rights of citizenship. Governments establish welfare systems to provide a so-called safety net to prevent people from suffering the effects of poverty. People on welfare in the US usually receive their payments in the form of a welfare check or giro.

There is much criticism of welfare programs. However, many people believe that welfare make its recipients dependent on government support. Some people criticize welfare programs for not providing high enough benefits to eliminate poverty. Welfare payments discourage its recipients from seeking employment, especially if they cannot get much more money from a job than they can get from benefits. Many people also criticize the welfare system for being too complex and costly to administer. Each program has its own requirements and ways of calculating benefits.

In most European countries the government provides free medical and hospital care family allowances and retirement pensions. The programs in some countries are so complete that they are said to be welfare states.

The Unemployment Compensation program provides monetary support for people who have lost jobs. State financing and benefit laws vary widely. In general, unemployment compensation benefits under state laws are intended to replace about 50 percent of the wages previously earned by a worker.

Most eligible individuals can start receiving partial  old-age benefits at age 65. Medicare health insurance for the elderly is split into two parts, hospital insurance and supplementary medical insurance. Medicare hospital insurance pays for inpatient hospital services, nursing home and hospice care, and home health services. Financing for this part of Medicare comes for the most part from payroll taxes. Medicare medical insurance provided for aged and disabled people.

Many governments are trying to reduce or cut welfare spending. Some are demanding that people on welfare should work in return for their benefits: this is called workfare. Others are trying to limit welfare spending, but some politicians want to dismantle the welfare state completely. Politicians say that another way of cutting back on welfare spending is to crack down on scroungers, people who are getting unemployment benefit but shouldn’t be getting it, because they have a job or because they are not willing to work.

NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE AND HEALTH

June 26th, 2006

Does national health insurance improve the health of the population by increasing access to care, or does it worsen health by constraining the introduction of new technology and destroying incentives for physicians and hospitals? There is no conclusive answer to this question; in my judgment, such a system has little effect on health one way or the other.
The evidence regarding life expectancy differentials, however, is more compelling. Universal coverage does not eliminate or even substantially reduce differentials across socioeconomic groups. In England, for instance, infant mortality in the lowest socioeconomic class is double the rate found in the highest class, just as it was prior to the introduction of national health insurance.
The relatively homogeneous populations of Scandinavia not only enjoy universal coverage for health care but also have many other egalitarian social programs. Nevertheless, life expectancy varies considerably across occupations; the age-standardized mortality ratio for male hotel, restaurant, and food service workers is double that for teachers and technical workers. A study of age-standardized death rates in Sweden among employed men ages 45 to 64 found substantial differentials across occupations.
The failure of national health insurance to eliminate or reduce mortality differentials is not necessarily a decisive argument against its adoption. Bruce Vladeck argues that curing disease and improving functional outcomes are not the only benefits of medical care. He writes, «We expect the health system to take care of sick people whether or not they are going to get better, as much for our benefit as theirs.» The caring services provided by health professionals have value even when they do not change health outcomes.

according to the article «National Health insurance» by Victor R. Fuchs (the journal «THE SENIOR ECONOMIST» ) Read the rest of this entry »

NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE: THE UNINSURED

June 23rd, 2006

With some exceptions, such as Medicare, health insurance in the United States is a private, voluntary matter. The demand for insurance, like the demand for any product or service, depends on consumers’ ability and willingness to pay for it. Some of the uninsured cannot afford health insurance: others are unwilling to acquire it. In all, the uninsured can be grouped into six categories.
The poor
The largest group of uninsured consists of individuals and families whose low income makes it infeasible for them to acquire insurance, either on their own or as a condition of employment. About 20 percent of these have no connection with the work force, but nearly 80 percent are employed or are dependents of employed persons. In different researches of the Health Insurance Association of America (HIAA) we can see that about one third of the working uninsured earned less than $ I 0.000, another estimate puts the figure at 63 percent. In any case, it is clear that the great majority of uninsured workers cannot afford to give up a substantial fraction of their wages to obtain health insurance.
Most uninsured workers are employed in small firms, but the frequently heard explanation, «Small employers can’t afford health insurance,» is as misleading as the phrase «employer-provided health insurance.» Employers do not bear the cost of health insurance; workers do, in the form of lower wages or forgone nonhealth benefits. A more accurate description of the problem would be, «Many workers in small firms can’t afford health insurance.» Note that lawyers, accountants, computer consultants, and other highly paid professionals organized in small firms usually have health insurance, although they often face extra costs, as discussed below.
The sick and disabled
Many men and women who aкe not poor are still unable to afford health insurance because they have special health problems and therefore face very high premiums or are excluded from coverage entirely.
The «difficult»
Some individuals are neither poor nor sick but have difficulty obtaining insurance at average premiums. They may be self-employed, work in small firms, or be out of the labor force entirely. To insure such individuals, insurance companies incur abnormally high sales and administrative costs. They also encounter the problem of adverse selection:
ü      if an insurance company offers a policy to individuals or small groups at an average premium, those who expect to use a great deal of medical care are likely to buy, and those who do not will refrain from buying.
The low users
Some people do not expect to use much medical care. They may be in particularly good health; they may dislike going to physicians; or, like Christian Scientists, they may not believe in the efficacy of medical care. For them, health insurance is a «bad buy» unless they can acquire it at a below-average premium.
The gamblers
Most people buy health insurance in part because they are risk-averse. They would rather pay a fixed, known premium (even above the actuarial level) than risk a huge expense in the event of serious illness. But not everyone is risk-averse about health expenditures, or risk-averse to the same degree. People in this category prefer to take their chances with continued good health and save the premium payment.
The free riders
The final category consists of individuals who remain uninsured because they believe that in the event of serious illness they will get care anyway, and others will pick up the bill. They save the cost of insurance and «ride free» on the coattails of those who pay into the health-care system. There may be elements of free riding in the behavior of the low users and the gamblers as well; it is often difficult to distinguish among the three categories of individuals who are able to pay for insurance but are unwilling to do so.
 From an analytical perspective, it is not difficult to achieve a national health insurance system; all it requires is subsidizing those who are unable to afford insurance and requiring purchase by those who are unwilling to acquire it voluntarily. No nation achieves universal coverage without subsidization and compulsion. Thus far, Americans have resisted both.

according to the article «National Health insurance» by Victor R. Fuchs (the journal «THE SENIOR ECONOMIST») Read the rest of this entry »

TYPES OF INSURANCE

June 20th, 2006

Insurance comes in many varieties. Categories include property, liability, homeowners’, automobile, medical, life, workers’ compensation, and marine.

Property Insurance

Property insurance is the modern form of the fire insurance that was sold by early insurance companies. The name has changed because the coverage has changed. No longer are just the losses resulting from fire protected by property insurance. Such losses as those from windstorm, theft, vandalism, and water damage are also covered.

Liability Insurance

Liability insurance is the most important kind of business insurance. A liability is a duty one person owes another, or is liable for, for some special reason. Liability insurance pays an individual or a business for liabilities that result from unforeseen situations.

Homeowners’ Insurance

Homeowners’ insurance is a combination offering both property and liability coverage. Usually it includes protection for a person’s home, any other buildings on the property, and for the buildings’ contents and personal belongings except automobiles and pets. The policy can be written to include the property of guests. If disaster strikes, homeowners’ insurance usually pays a family’s living expenses until they get settled at home once again.

Automobile Insurance

Automobile insurance is the most complicated kind of insurance purchased by individuals. It combines several kinds of property and liability coverage. The standard automobile policy includes collision insurance, covering property damage to a car when it is struck by another vehicle, and comprehensive insurance, covering general property damage that occurs when an automobile is damaged by something other than another vehicle.

Medical Insurance

Medical insurance pays the costs of hospitalization and physicians’ fees for insured individuals who are injured or become ill.

Life Insurance

Life insurance is designed to insure lives, though it frequently includes coverage for major disabilities such as the loss of limbs or organs. There are basically three kinds of life insurance that may be purchased by individuals for themselves or others or by employers for their employees.

Workers’ Compensation

Workers’ compensation is a special state-controlled insurance purchased by employers for the benefit of their employees. Like general liability and medical payment liability insurance, it pays for medical treatment required by employees of a company according to a state-regulated schedule of benefits. The object is to prevent employees from the need to sue their employers if they are injured and to compensate workers for losses from accidents on the job.

Marine Insurance

The oldest form of insurance that scholars have been able to document, marine insurance now includes much more than the shared risk of ships’ cargo. It might best be called transportation insurance because variations of the coverage include protection for ships, trucks, railroads, and aircraft. Underwriters generally divide it into two types: ocean marine, which deals with every kind of water conveyance, and inland marine for truck and rail cargo.

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