I’m sure that you want to work.
But, unfortunately, there are situations when people can’t find a proper vacation or any job at all. In this case we can speak about unemployment and insurance against it.
Unemployment is the state of a person who is out of work and actively looking for a job. The term does not refer to people who are not seeking work because of age, illness, or a mental or physical disability. Nor does it refer to people who are attending school or keeping house. Such people are classified as out of labor force.
Unemployment may involve serious problems for both the individual and society as a whole. For the individual, it means loss of income and, in cases of prolonged unemployment, may result in a loss of self-respect. For society, it results in lost production and, in some cases, criminal or other antisocial behavior.
The unemployment rate varies greatly among different groups. It tends to be several times as high for teenagers as for older people. Unskilled people experience about three times as much unemployment as do white-collar workers. The unemployment rate among blacks is typically at least twice that among whites.
Some economists classify unemployment into three categories. These categories are normal, structural and deficient demand.
NORMAL OR FRICTIONAL UNEMPLOYMENT exists in efficiently operating labor markets, even when jobs are plentiful. Such unemployment includes workers who have quit their jobs or have been fired, and are not immediately aware of available jobs. Another kind of normal unemployment, called seasonal unemployment, occurs in industries that lay off workers during certain seasons each year. These industries include agriculture, construction and shipping.
STRUCTURAL UNEMPLOYMENT exists when individuals seeking work have the wrong skills for the available jobs. Structural unemployment also includes people in the wrong location to fill available jobs or technological unemployment, which results from the development of new products, machinery or manufacturing methods. Such developments produce rapid changes in the demand for various skills. Also such unemployment allows you to use your insurance policy to get money.
DEFICIENT DEMAND UNEMPLOYMENT OR CYCLICAL UNEMPLOYMENT results from a general lack of demand for workers when the nation’s total spending is too little. As goods and services remain unsold, many industries reduce production and lay off employees. Deficient demand unemployment is called cyclical unemployment if it occurs in periods of decreased business activity. But it also can occur in times of increasing activity if the number of workers grows faster than the number of jobs.
To combat normal unemployment, the government must establish public employment agencies that inform unemployed workers of suitable job openings. To attack structural unemployment training of workers in skills required for available jobs must take place. The fight against deficient unemployment presents especially serious problems. The government may have to choose between the evils of unemployment and those of inflation.
Many economists believe that unemployment rates as low as 3 to 4 per cent should no longer be expected.
Unemployment insurance is means of protecting workers who are out of work and looking for employment. These unemployed workers receive cash payments, usually each week for a limited period.
If someone is told to leave his job, especially if the employer says he has done something wrong, he is dismissed (fired or sacked or given a sack). If someone feels that they have lost job unfairly they may take their case to a tribunal and sue or make a claim against the formal employer for unfair dismissal.
If an organization gets rid of employees because they are no longer needed it lays them off. Companies doing this sometimes talk about downsizing, rightsizing or letting employees go. They may say that they are overstaffed. When employees have no choice, the redundancies are compulsory, but when employees can choose to leave, redundancies are voluntary. When a lot of redundancies are involved, journalists talk about jobs being cut or massive layoffs.
People who are laid off may receive compensation in the form of redundancy payment. Unemployment benefit is also called the dole. People receiving it are on the dole. If you lose your job you join the dole queue.
To protect their rights employees may turn to industrial action. If you stop working normally in order to demand better pay, benefits or working conditions you take industrial action. In a strike workers stop working for a time. Workers are organized in unions. A union may call a strike. When a strike causes a lot of disruption, it paralyses the things it affects, such as services, factories, stopping normal activity and bringing things to a standstill. If government and organizations say they will not give in to striker’s demands, the strikers may respond by intensifying their industrial action. When a union calls off the strike, workers return to work.